CREATE TABLE¶

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in an existing database.

Tip

To create a table based on the result of a select query, see CREATE TABLE AS.
To create a table based on files like Parquet and ORC, see CREATE FOREIGN TABLE

Syntax¶

The following is the correct syntax for creating a table:

create_table_statement ::=
    CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] TABLE [schema_name.]table_name (
        { column_def [, ...] }
    )
    [ CLUSTER BY { column_name [, ...] } ]
    ;

schema_name ::= identifier

table_name ::= identifier

column_def :: = { column_name type_name [ default ] [ column_constraint ] }

column_name ::= identifier

column_constraint ::=
    { NOT NULL | NULL }

default ::=
    DEFAULT default_value
    | IDENTITY [ ( start_with [ , increment_by ] ) ]

Parameters¶

The following parameters can be used when creating a table:

Parameter	Description
`OR REPLACE`	Creates a new tables and overwrites any existing table by the same name. Does not return an error if the table already exists. `CREATE OR REPLACE` does not check the table contents or structure, only the table name.
`schema_name`	The name of the schema in which to create the table.
`table_name`	The name of the table to create, which must be unique inside the schema.
`column_def`	A comma separated list of column definitions. A minimal column definition includes a name identifier and a datatype. Other column constraints and default values can be added optionally.
`CLUSTER BY column_name1 ...`	A commma separated list of clustering column keys. See flexible_data_clustering for more information.
`LIKE`	Duplicates the column structure of an existing table.

Default Value Constraints¶

The DEFAULT value constraint specifies a value to use if one is not defined in an INSERT or COPY FROM statement.

The value may be a literal, which is evaluated at the time the row is created.

Note

The DEFAULT constraint only applies if the column does not have a value specified in the INSERT or COPY FROM statement. You can still insert a NULL into an nullable column by explicitly inserting NULL. For example, INSERT INTO cool_animals VALUES (1, 'Gnu', NULL).

Syntax¶

The following is the correct syntax for using the DEFAULT value constraints:

column_def :: = { column_name type_name [ default ] [ column_constraint ] }

column_constraint ::=
    { NOT NULL | NULL }

default ::=
    DEFAULT default_value
    | IDENTITY [ ( start_with [ , increment_by ] ) ]

check_specification ::=
   CHECK( 'CS compression_spec' )

compression_spec ::=
    { "default" | "p4d" | "dict" | "rle" | "sequence" | "flat" }

Identity¶

The Identity (or sequence) columns can be used for generating key values. Some databases call this AUTOINCREMENT.

The identity property on a column guarantees that each new row inserted is generated based on the current seed & increment.

Warning

The identity property on a column does not guarantee uniqueness. The identity value can be bypassed by specifying it in an INSERT command.

The following table describes the identity parameters:

Parameter	Description
`start_with`	A value that is used for the very first row loaded into the table.
`increment_by`	Incremental value that is added to the identity value of the previous row that was loaded.

Examples¶

This section includes the following examples:

Creating a Standard Table
Creating a Table with Default Value Constraints for Some Columns
Creating a Table with an Identity Column
Creating a Table from a SELECT Query
Creating a Table with a Clustering Key
Duplicating the Column Structure of an Existing Table

Creating a Standard Table ¶

The following is an example of the syntax used to create a standard table:

CREATE TABLE cool_animals (
   id INT NOT NULL,
   name varchar(30) NOT NULL,
   weight FLOAT,
   is_agressive BOOL
);

Creating a Table with Default Value Constraints for Some Columns ¶

The following is an example of the syntax used to create a table with default value constraints for some columns:

CREATE TABLE cool_animals (
   id INT NOT NULL,
   name varchar(30) NOT NULL,
   weight FLOAT,
   is_agressive BOOL DEFAULT false NOT NULL
);

Note

The nullable/non-nullable constraint appears at the end, after the default option

Creating a Table with an Identity Column ¶

The following is an example of the syntax used to create a table with an identity (auto-increment) column:

CREATE TABLE users (
   id BIGINT IDENTITY(0,1) NOT NULL , -- Start with 0, increment by 1
   name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
   country VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT 'Unknown' NOT NULL
);

Note

Identity columns are supported on BIGINT columns.
Identity does not enforce the uniqueness of values. The identity value can be bypassed by specifying it in an INSERT command.

Creating a Table from a SELECT Query ¶

The following is an example of the syntax used to create a table from a SELECT query:

CREATE TABLE users_uk AS SELECT * FROM users WHERE country = 'United Kingdom';

For more information on creating a new table from the results of a SELECT query, see CREATE TABLE AS.

Creating a Table with a Clustering Key ¶

When data in a table is stored in a sorted order, the sorted columns are considered clustered. Good clustering can have a significant positive impact on performance.

In the following example, we expect the start_date column to be naturally clustered, as new users sign up and get a newer start date.

When the clustering key is set, if the incoming data isn’t naturally clustered, it will be clustered by SQream DB during insert or bulk load.

The following is an example of the syntax used to create a table with a clustering key:

CREATE TABLE users (
   name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
   start_date datetime not null,
   country VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT 'Unknown' NOT NULL
) CLUSTER BY start_date;

For more information on data clustering, see data_clustering.

Duplicating the Column Structure of an Existing Table ¶

Syntax¶

The following is the correct syntax for duplicating the column structure of an existing table:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] TABLE table_name
{
  (column_name column_type [{NULL | NOT NULL}] [,...])
  | LIKE source_table_name
}
[CLUSTER BY ...]
;

Examples¶

This section includes the following examples of duplicating the column structure of an existing table using the LIKE clause:

Creating a Table Using an Explicit Column List
Creating a Second Table Based on the Structure of Another Table
Creating a Table based on Foreign Tables and Views

Creating a Table Using an Explicit Column List ¶

The following is an example of creating a table using an explict column list:

CREATE TABLE t1(x int default 0 not null, y text(10) null);

Creating a Second Table Based on the Structure of Another Table ¶

Either of the following examples can be used to create a second table based on the structure of another table.

Example 1

CREATE TABLE t2 LIKE t1;

Example 2

CREATE TABLE t2(x int default 0 not null, y text(10) null);

The generated output of both of the statements above is identical.

Creating a Table based on Foreign Tables and Views ¶

The following is example of creating a table based on foreign tables and views:

CREATE VIEW v as SELECT x+1,y,y || 'abc' from t1;
CREATE TABLE t3 LIKE v;

When duplicating the column structure of an existing table, the target table of the LIKE clause can be a regular or an external table, or a view.

The following table describes the properties that must be copied from the target table:

Property	Native Table	External Table	View
Column names	Must be copied	Must be copied	Must be copied
Column types	Must be copied	Must be copied	Must be copied
`NULL`/`NOT NULL`	Must be copied	Must be copied	Must be copied
`text` length constraints	Must be copied	Must be copied	Does not exist in source object
Compression specification	Must be copied	Does not exist in source object	Does not exist in source object
Default/identity	Must be copied	Does not exist in source object	Does not exist in source object

Permissions¶

The role must have the CREATE permission at the schema level.